|
Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Geißler (May 26, 1814 in Igelshieb – January 24, 1879) was a skilled glassblower and physicist, famous for his invention of the Geissler tube, made of glass and used as a low pressure gas-discharge tube. Geissler descended from a long line of craftsmen in the Thüringer Wald and in Böhmen.〔 He found work in different German universities, eventually including the University of Bonn. There he was asked by physicist Julius Plücker to design an apparatus for evacuating a glass tube. Plücker owed his forthcoming success in the electric discharge experiments in large measure to his instrument maker, the skilled glassblower and mechanic Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Geissler. He learned the art of glassblowing in the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.... He finally settled down as an instrument-maker in a workshop of his own at the University of Bonn in 1852.〔Per F. Dahl, ''Flash of the cathode rays: a history of J.J. Thomson's electron''. CRC Press, 1997, pp.49–52 .〕Geissler made a hand-crank mercury pump, and glass tubes that could contain a superior vacuum. The Geissler tube was used for entertainment throughout the 1800s and evolved around 1910 into commercial neon lighting. Advances in Plucker and Geissler's discharge tube technology developed into the Crookes tube, with which the electron was discovered in 1897, and in 1906 into the amplifying vacuum tube, the basis of electronics and long distance communication technologies like radio and television. Geissler was awarded an honorary doctorate in 1868.〔 ==References and articles== ;Publications *Miller, H. A. (1945). ''Luminous tube lighting, dealing with the principles of the luminous tube, with a summary of the materials and equipment involved, and technical data concerning discharge-tube light sources''. London: G. Newnes. *Kassabian, M. K. (1910). ''Roentgen rays and electro-therapeutics: with chapters on radium and phototherapy''. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. * Davis, H. B. O. (1981). ''Electrical and electronic technologies: a chronology of events and inventors to 1900''. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. * Phillips, C. E. S. (1897). ''Bibliography of X-ray literature and research, 1896–1897: being a ready reference index to the literature on the subject of roentgen or X-rays''. London: The Electrician Print. and Pub. Co. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heinrich Geißler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|